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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">javascript之数组操作</h1>
        

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        <h1 id="一、数组的操作方法"><a href="#一、数组的操作方法" class="headerlink" title="一、数组的操作方法"></a>一、数组的操作方法</h1><h2 id="1、数组的创建"><a href="#1、数组的创建" class="headerlink" title="1、数组的创建"></a>1、数组的创建</h2><p><code>var arrayObj = new Array();　//创建一个数组</code></p>
<p><code>var arrayObj = new Array([size]);　//创建一个数组并指定长度，注意不是上限，是长度</code></p>
<p><code>var arrayObj = new Array([element0[, element1[, ...[, elementN]]]]);　创建一个数组并赋值</code></p>
<p>要说明的是，虽然第二种方法创建数组指定了长度，但实际上所有情况下数组都是变长的，也就是说即使指定了长度为5，仍然可以将元素存储在规定长度以外的，注意：这时长度会随之改变。</p>
<h2 id="2、数组的元素的访问"><a href="#2、数组的元素的访问" class="headerlink" title="2、数组的元素的访问"></a>2、数组的元素的访问</h2><p><code>var testGetArrValue=arrayObj[1]; //获取数组的元素值</code></p>
<p><code>arrayObj[1]= &quot;这是新值&quot;; //给数组元素赋予新的值</code></p>
<h2 id="3、数组元素的添加"><a href="#3、数组元素的添加" class="headerlink" title="3、数组元素的添加"></a>3、数组元素的添加</h2><p><code>arrayObj. push([item1 [item2 [. . . [itemN ]]]]);// 将一个或多个新元素添加到数组结尾，并返回数组新长度</code></p>
<p><code>arrayObj.unshift([item1 [item2 [. . . [itemN ]]]]);// 将一个或多个新元素添加到数组开始，数组中的元素自动后移，返回数组新长度</code></p>
<p><code>arrayObj.splice(insertPos,0,[item1[, item2[, . . . [,itemN]]]]);//将一个或多个新元素插入到数组的指定位置，插入位置的元素自动后移，返回&quot;&quot;。</code></p>
<h2 id="4、数组元素的删除"><a href="#4、数组元素的删除" class="headerlink" title="4、数组元素的删除"></a>4、数组元素的删除</h2><p><code>arrayObj.pop(); //移除最后一个元素并返回该元素值</code></p>
<p><code>arrayObj.shift(); //移除最前一个元素并返回该元素值，数组中元素自动前移</code></p>
<p><code>arrayObj.splice(deletePos,deleteCount); //删除从指定位置deletePos开始的指定数量deleteCount的元素，数组形式返回所移除的元素</code></p>
<h2 id="5、数组的截取和合并"><a href="#5、数组的截取和合并" class="headerlink" title="5、数组的截取和合并"></a>5、数组的截取和合并</h2><p><code>arrayObj.slice(start, [end]); //以数组的形式返回数组的一部分，注意不包括 end 对应的元素，如果省略 end 将复制 start 之后的所有元素</code></p>
<p><code>arrayObj.concat([item1[, item2[, . . . [,itemN]]]]); //将多个数组（也可以是字符串，或者是数组和字符串的混合）连接为一个数组，返回连接好的新的数组</code></p>
<h2 id="6、数组的拷贝"><a href="#6、数组的拷贝" class="headerlink" title="6、数组的拷贝"></a>6、数组的拷贝</h2><p><code>arrayObj.slice(0); //返回数组的拷贝数组，注意是一个新的数组，不是指向</code></p>
<p><code>arrayObj.concat(); //返回数组的拷贝数组，注意是一个新的数组，不是指向</code></p>
<h2 id="7、数组元素的排序"><a href="#7、数组元素的排序" class="headerlink" title="7、数组元素的排序"></a>7、数组元素的排序</h2><p><code>arrayObj.reverse(); //反转元素（最前的排到最后、最后的排到最前），返回数组地址</code></p>
<p><code>arrayObj.sort(); //对数组元素排序，返回数组地址</code></p>
<h2 id="8、数组元素的字符串化"><a href="#8、数组元素的字符串化" class="headerlink" title="8、数组元素的字符串化"></a>8、数组元素的字符串化</h2><p><code>arrayObj.join(separator); //返回字符串，这个字符串将数组的每一个元素值连接在一起，中间用 separator 隔开。</code></p>
<p>toLocaleString 、toString 、valueOf：可以看作是join的特殊用法，不常用</p>
<h1 id="二、数组对象的3个属性"><a href="#二、数组对象的3个属性" class="headerlink" title="二、数组对象的3个属性"></a>二、数组对象的3个属性</h1><h2 id="1、length-属性"><a href="#1、length-属性" class="headerlink" title="1、length 属性"></a>1、length 属性</h2><p>Length属性表示数组的长度，即其中元素的个数。因为数组的索引总是由0开始，所以一个数组的上下限分别是：0和length-1。和其他大多数语言不同的是，JavaScript数组的length属性是可变的，这一点需要特别注意。当length属性被设置得更大时，整个数组的状态事实上不会发生变化，仅仅是length属性变大；当length属性被设置得比原来小时，则原先数组中索引大于或等于length的元素的值全部被丢失。下面是演示改变length属性的例子：<br><figure class="highlight lsl"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var arr=[<span class="number">12</span>,<span class="number">23</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">25</span>,<span class="number">98</span>,<span class="number">76</span>,<span class="number">54</span>,<span class="number">56</span>,<span class="number">76</span>];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//定义了一个包含10个数字的数组</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">alert(arr.length); <span class="comment">//显示数组的长度10</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">arr.length=<span class="number">12</span>; <span class="comment">//增大数组的长度</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">alert(arr.length); <span class="comment">//显示数组的长度已经变为12</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">alert(arr[<span class="number">8</span>]); <span class="comment">//显示第9个元素的值，为56</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">arr.length=<span class="number">5</span>; <span class="comment">//将数组的长度减少到5，索引等于或超过5的元素被丢弃</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">alert(arr[<span class="number">8</span>]); <span class="comment">//显示第9个元素已经变为"undefined"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">arr.length=<span class="number">10</span>; <span class="comment">//将数组长度恢复为10</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">alert(arr[<span class="number">8</span>]); <span class="comment">//虽然长度被恢复为10，但第9个元素却无法收回，显示"undefined"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>由上面的代码我们可以清楚的看到length属性的性质。但length对象不仅可以显式的设置，它也有可能被隐式修改。JavaScript中可以使用一个未声明过的变量，同样，也可以使用一个未定义的数组元素（指索引超过或等于length的元素），这时，length属性的值将被设置为所使用元素索引的值加1。例如下面的代码：<br><figure class="highlight lsl"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var arr=[<span class="number">12</span>,<span class="number">23</span>,<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">25</span>,<span class="number">98</span>,<span class="number">76</span>,<span class="number">54</span>,<span class="number">56</span>,<span class="number">76</span>];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">alert(arr.length);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">arr[<span class="number">15</span>]=<span class="number">34</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">alert(arr.length);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>代码中同样是先定义了一个包含10个数字的数组，通过alert语句可以看出其长度为10。随后使用了索引为15的元素，将其赋值为15，即arr[15]=34，这时再用alert语句输出数组的长度，得到的是16。无论如何，对于习惯于强类型编程的开发人员来说，这是一个很令人惊讶的特性。事实上，使用new Array()形式创建的数组，其初始长度就是为0，正是对其中未定义元素的操作，才使数组的长度发生变化。</p>
<p>由上面的介绍可以看到，length属性是如此的神奇，利用它可以方便的增加或者减少数组的容量。因此对length属性的深入了解，有助于在开发过程中灵活运用。</p>
<h2 id="2、prototype-属性"><a href="#2、prototype-属性" class="headerlink" title="2、prototype 属性"></a>2、prototype 属性</h2><p>返回对象类型原型的引用。prototype 属性是 object 共有的。</p>
<p>objectName.prototype</p>
<p>objectName 参数是object对象的名称。</p>
<p>说明：用 prototype 属性提供对象的类的一组基本功能。 对象的新实例“继承”赋予该对象原型的操作。</p>
<p>对于数组对象，以下例子说明prototype 属性的用途。</p>
<p>给数组对象添加返回数组中最大元素值的方法。要完成这一点，声明一个函数，将它加入 Array.prototype， 并使用它。<br><figure class="highlight matlab"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">array_max</span><span class="params">( )</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   var <span class="built_in">i</span>, <span class="built_in">max</span> = this[<span class="number">0</span>];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">for</span> (<span class="built_in">i</span> = <span class="number">1</span>; <span class="built_in">i</span> &lt; this.<span class="built_in">length</span>; <span class="built_in">i</span>++)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">if</span> (<span class="built_in">max</span> &lt; this[<span class="built_in">i</span>])</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="built_in">max</span> = this[<span class="built_in">i</span>];</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="built_in">max</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Array.prototype.<span class="built_in">max</span> = array_max;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">var x = new Array(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">var y = x.<span class="built_in">max</span>( );</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>该代码执行后，y 保存数组 x 中的最大值，或说 6。</p>
<h2 id="3、constructor-属性"><a href="#3、constructor-属性" class="headerlink" title="3、constructor 属性"></a>3、constructor 属性</h2><p>表示创建对象的函数。</p>
<p><code>object.constructor //object是对象或函数的名称。</code></p>
<p>说明：constructor 属性是所有具有 prototype 的对象的成员。它们包括除 Global 和 Math 对象以外的所有 JScript 固有对象。constructor 属性保存了对构造特定对象实例的函数的引用。</p>
<p>例如：<br><figure class="highlight gauss"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">x = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keyword">String</span>(<span class="string">"Hi"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (x.constructor == <span class="keyword">String</span>) <span class="comment">// 进行处理（条件为真）。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>或</p>
<figure class="highlight actionscript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">MyFunc</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 函数体。</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">y = <span class="keyword">new</span> MyFunc;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> (y.constructor == MyFunc) <span class="comment">// 进行处理（条件为真）。</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
      
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              <div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#一、数组的操作方法"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">一、数组的操作方法</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1、数组的创建"><span class="nav-number">1.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">1、数组的创建</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2、数组的元素的访问"><span class="nav-number">1.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">2、数组的元素的访问</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3、数组元素的添加"><span class="nav-number">1.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">3、数组元素的添加</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#4、数组元素的删除"><span class="nav-number">1.4.</span> <span class="nav-text">4、数组元素的删除</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#5、数组的截取和合并"><span class="nav-number">1.5.</span> <span class="nav-text">5、数组的截取和合并</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#6、数组的拷贝"><span class="nav-number">1.6.</span> <span class="nav-text">6、数组的拷贝</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#7、数组元素的排序"><span class="nav-number">1.7.</span> <span class="nav-text">7、数组元素的排序</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#8、数组元素的字符串化"><span class="nav-number">1.8.</span> <span class="nav-text">8、数组元素的字符串化</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#二、数组对象的3个属性"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">二、数组对象的3个属性</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1、length-属性"><span class="nav-number">2.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">1、length 属性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2、prototype-属性"><span class="nav-number">2.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">2、prototype 属性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3、constructor-属性"><span class="nav-number">2.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">3、constructor 属性</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
            

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